纺织纤维的机械性能应包括纤维的强度、伸长、弹性、耐磨性、弹性模量等。

　　The mechanical properties of textile fibers should include fiber strength, elongation, elasticity, wear resistance, elastic modulus, etc.

　　纤维的强度：纤维的强度是指纤维抵抗外力破坏的能力，它在很大程度上决定了纺织商品的耐用程度。

　　Fiber strength: Fiber strength refers to the ability of fibers to resist external damage, which largely determines the durability of textile products.

　　纤维的强度可用纤维的**强力来表示，它是指纤维在连续增加负荷的作用下，直至断裂时所能承受的较大负荷。其法定讲师单位为牛顿（N）或厘牛顿（cN）。过去习惯用克力或公斤力表示。

　　The strength of fibers can be expressed by their * * strength, which refers to the greater load that fibers can withstand under continuous increasing loads until they break. The legal lecturer unit is Newton (N) or Centimeter Newton (cN). I used to express myself in grams or kilograms.

　 　由于纤维强力的与纤维的粗细有关，所以对不同粗细的纤维，**强力无可比性，因此，常用相对强度来表示纤维的强度。相对强度是指单位线密度（每特或每 旦）纤维所能承受的较大拉力。法定计量单位为牛/特（N/tex）或厘牛/特（cN/tex）。过去习惯用克力/旦表示。

　　Due to the correlation between fiber strength and fiber thickness, there is no comparability of strength for fibers of different thicknesses. Therefore, relative strength is commonly used to represent the strength of fibers. Relative strength refers to the greater tensile force that fibers can withstand per unit density (per tex or per denier). The legal unit of measurement is N/tex or cN/tex. I used to use acrylic/dan to express myself.

　　纤维的弹性： 纤维及其制品在加工和使用中，都要经受外力的作用，并且产生相应的变形。当外力的作用去除后，纤维的一部分变形可恢复，而另一部分变形则不会恢复。根据纤 维的这一特性，可将纤维的变形为成三个部分，即当外力去除后能立即恢复的这部分变形称急弹性变形；当外力去除后，能缓慢地恢复的这部分变形称缓弹性变形； 当外力去除后，不能恢复的这部分变形称塑性变形。

　　Elasticity of fibers: Fibers and their products must withstand external forces and undergo corresponding deformation during processing and use. After the external force is removed, some of the deformation of the fiber can be restored, while the deformation of the other part will not be restored. According to this characteristic of fibers, the deformation of fibers can be divided into three parts, which can be immediately restored after the external force is removed, and this part of deformation is called rapid elastic deformation; The deformation that can slowly recover after the external force is removed is called slow elastic deformation; The deformation that cannot be restored after the external force is removed is called plastic deformation.

　　纤维的弹性就是指纤维变形的恢复能力。表示纤维弹性大小的常用指标是纤维的弹性回复率或称回弹率。它是指急弹性变形和一定时间的缓弹性变形占总变形的百分率。

　　The elasticity of fibers refers to their ability to recover deformation. The commonly used indicator of fiber elasticity is the elastic recovery rate or rebound rate of fibers. It refers to the percentage of rapid elastic deformation and a certain period of slow elastic deformation to the total deformation.

　　纤维的弹性回复率高，则纤维的弹性好，变形恢复的能力强。用弹性好的纤维制成的纺织品尺寸稳定性好，服用过程中不易起皱，并且较为耐磨。如：涤纶具有优良的弹性，其制成的服装具有挺括、耐磨等特性。

　　If the elastic recovery rate of the fiber is high, then the fiber has good elasticity and strong deformation recovery ability. Textiles made from elastic fibers have good dimensional stability, are less prone to wrinkling during use, and are more wear-resistant. For example, polyester has excellent elasticity, and clothing made from it has characteristics such as firmness and wear resistance.

　　纤维的耐磨性：纤维及其制品在加工和实际使用过程中，由于不断经受磨擦而引起磨损。而纤维的耐磨性就是指纤维耐受外力磨损的性能。

　　Wear resistance of fibers: Fibers and their products experience wear and tear due to continuous friction during processing and actual use. The wear resistance of fibers refers to their ability to withstand external wear and tear.

　　纤维的耐磨性与其纺织制品的坚牢度密切相关。耐磨性的优劣是衣着用织物服用性能的一项重要指标。纤维的耐磨性与纤维的大分子结构、超分子结构、断裂伸长率、弹性等因素有关。常见纤维耐磨性高低的顺序如下：

　　The wear resistance of fibers is closely related to the firmness of their textile products. The quality of wear resistance is an important indicator of the wearing performance of clothing fabrics. The wear resistance of fibers is related to factors such as their macromolecular structure, supramolecular structure, elongation at break, and elasticity. The order of common fiber wear resistance is as follows:

　　锦纶>丙纶>维纶>乙纶>涤纶>腈纶>氯纶>毛>丝>棉>麻>富强纤维>铜氨纤维>粘胶纤维>醋酯纤维>玻璃纤维。

　　Nylon>Polypropylene>Vinylon>Ethylene>Polyester>Acrylic>Chlorine>Wool>Silk>Cotton>Hemp>Strong fiber>Copper ammonia fiber>Viscose fiber>Acetate fiber>Glass fiber.

　　纤维的弹性模量：纤维的弹性模量也称“初始模量”，它是指纤维拉伸曲线上开始一段直线部分的应力应变比值。在实际计算中，一般可取负荷伸长曲线上伸长率为1%时的一点来求得纤维的弹性模量。

　　Elastic modulus of fibers: The elastic modulus of fibers, also known as the "initial modulus," refers to the stress-strain ratio of the first straight section on the fiber tensile curve. In practical calculations, the elastic modulus of fibers can generally be obtained by taking a point on the load elongation curve at an elongation rate of 1%.

　　纤维弹性模量的大小表示纤维在小负荷作用下的难易程度，它反映了纤维的刚性，并与织物的性能关系密切。当其他条件相同时，纤维的弹性模量大，则织物硬挺；反之，弹性模量小，则织物柔软。

　　The magnitude of the elastic modulus of fibers indicates the degree of difficulty of fibers under small loads, which reflects the rigidity of fibers and is closely related to the performance of fabrics. When other conditions are the same, if the elastic modulus of the fiber is high, the fabric becomes stiff; On the contrary, if the elastic modulus is small, the fabric will be soft.

　 　加捻是使纱条的两个截面产生相对回转，这时纱条中原来平行于纱轴的纤维倾斜成螺旋线。对短纤维来说，加捻主要是为了提高纱线的强度。而长丝的加捻既可以 提高纱线的强度，又可产生某种效应。纱线加捻的多少以及纱线在织物中的捻向与捻度的配合，对产品的外观和性能都有较大的影响。

　　Twisting is the process of causing the two cross-sections of a yarn to rotate relative to each other, causing the fibers in the yarn that were originally parallel to the yarn axis to tilt into a spiral. For short fibers, twisting is mainly to improve the strength of the yarn. The twisting of filament can not only improve the strength of the yarn, but also produce some kind of effect. The amount of yarn twist and the combination of twist direction and twist in the fabric have a significant impact on the appearance and performance of the product.